See bʰoydʰéh₂ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baidā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "be",
"alt": "bē",
"t": "oath, swearing"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*báidāˀ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *báidāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *báidāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běda",
"t": "misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *běda (“misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bads"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bads",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bãdas",
"3": "",
"4": "lack, hunger"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bãdas (“lack, hunger”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bēda"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bēda",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bėdà",
"3": "",
"4": "misfortune, guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *běda (“misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baidu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baidu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baidu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bād",
"t": "pledge; expectation; contractual property"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation; contractual property”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation; contractual property”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*foiðā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *foiðā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foedus",
"3": "",
"4": "pledge, contract"
},
"expansion": "Latin foedus (“pledge, contract”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Indirect evidence only: Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">foedus</i> (“pledge, contract”) (< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰéydʰ-es-</i>) may have been contaminated with an o-grade noun such as thematic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰoydʰ-o/eh₂-</i>; cf. de Vaan (2008), who assumes specifically an o-stem.",
"group": "note"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *foiðā "
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeydʰ-",
"3": "*-éh₂",
"alt1": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)-",
"t1": "to pledge, (en)trust"
},
"expansion": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)- (“to pledge, (en)trust”) + *-éh₂",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)- (“to pledge, (en)trust”) + *-éh₂",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰoydʰéh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰoydʰéh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰoydʰéh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pledge, oath, swear"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-bʰoydʰéh₂-ine-pro-noun-rAqu5nER",
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁óytos"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"contract"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-bʰoydʰéh₂-ine-pro-noun-zIMh1jdc",
"links": [
[
"contract",
"contract"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰoydʰéh₂"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-éh₂",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic eh₂-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Culture"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*baidā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *baidā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "be",
"alt": "bē",
"t": "oath, swearing"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: bē (“oath, swearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*báidāˀ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *báidāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *báidāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*běda",
"t": "misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *běda (“misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bads"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bads",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bãdas",
"3": "",
"4": "lack, hunger"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bãdas (“lack, hunger”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bēda"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bēda",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bėdà",
"3": "",
"4": "misfortune, guilt"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *běda (“misery, adversity; hunger, lack, need”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*baidō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *baidō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baidu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baidu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baidu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bād",
"t": "pledge; expectation; contractual property"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation; contractual property”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bād (“pledge; expectation; contractual property”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*foiðā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *foiðā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foedus",
"3": "",
"4": "pledge, contract"
},
"expansion": "Latin foedus (“pledge, contract”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Indirect evidence only: Latin <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">foedus</i> (“pledge, contract”) (< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰéydʰ-es-</i>) may have been contaminated with an o-grade noun such as thematic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*bʰoydʰ-o/eh₂-</i>; cf. de Vaan (2008), who assumes specifically an o-stem.",
"group": "note"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *foiðā "
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeydʰ-",
"3": "*-éh₂",
"alt1": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)-",
"t1": "to pledge, (en)trust"
},
"expansion": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)- (“to pledge, (en)trust”) + *-éh₂",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*bʰeydʰ(h₁)- (“to pledge, (en)trust”) + *-éh₂",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰoydʰéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰoydʰéh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰoydʰéh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰoydʰéh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pledge, oath, swear"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"swear",
"swear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁óytos"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"contract"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"contract",
"contract"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "bʰoydʰéh₂"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰoydʰéh₂ meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.